Difference between sigma and pi bond.
Five key differences between sigma (σ) and pi (π) bonds:
| Sigma (σ) Bond | Pi (π) Bond | |
|---|---|---|
| Formation | Head-on overlap between atomic orbitals. | Sideways overlap between parallel atomic orbitals. |
| Shape | Cylindrical shape around the internuclear axis. | Electron cloud is present above and below the internuclear axis. |
| Strength | Generally stronger and more stable. | Weaker compared to sigma bonds. |
| Rotational Symmetry | High rotational symmetry around the internuclear axis. | Low or no rotational symmetry around the internuclear axis. |
| Number of Overlapping Orbitals | A single sigma bond is formed between two atoms. | Multiple pi bonds can be formed between two atoms in addition to a sigma bond. |